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Fortran

Overview​

Fortran remains dominant in high-performance computing: weather, finite-element, CFD, and legacy scientific codes. Modern Fortran 2008/2018 adds coarrays, modules, and OO features while keeping array-oriented syntax that maps well to vectorized hardware.

Key concepts​

  • Array operations — Whole-array math and slicing.
  • Modules — Encapsulate procedures and data.
  • Kinds — Parameterized numeric precisions (real(kind=dp)).
  • Coarrays — Parallel programming without always resorting to MPI.
  • Legacy interop — Linking C and Fortran via iso_c_binding.

Compile workflow​

Sample: vector norm​

program demo
  implicit none
  real, dimension(3) :: v = [3.0, 4.0, 0.0]
  print *, sqrt(sum(v * v))
end program demo

References​